A tour with the auxiliaries

A tour with the auxiliaries
Section One


بعده في النفي وفي الاستفهام يتقدم على فاعلهnot وهو فعل مساعد توضع Beأولاً : فعل الكينونة

1- be المصدر
2- being اسم الفعل
3- been التصريف الثالث (اسم المفعول )
4- am مضارع مع ضمير المتكلم
5- is مضارع مع الغائب المفرد
6- are مضارع مع الجمع
7- was ماضي مع المفرد
8- were ماضي مع الجمع

1- Be is used in the formation of continuous tenses:
تكوين الازمنة المستمرة



She is speaking . Present Continuous مضارع مستمر
She has been speaking. Perfect Continuous مضارع تام مستمر
She was speaking. Past Continuous ماضي مستمر
She had been speaking . Past Perfect Continuousماضي تام مستمر
She will be speaking . Future Continuous مستقبل مستمر
She will have been speaking . Future Perfect Continuous مستقبل تام مستمر


2- It is used in all passive forms :يدخل في تكوين كل صيغ المبني للمجهول
He is treated kindly.
He is being treated kindly .
He has been treated kindly.
He will be treated kindly.
He was treated kindly.
He was being treated kindly.

وهكذا تشترك الاشتقاقات الثمان أعلاه في بناء الفعل للمجهول حسب نوع الفاعل ونوع الزمن



3- Be + infinitive used for :إذا تُبع بالمصدر

a- to convey orders or instructions للأوامر والتعليمات
he is to study hard .
b- to convey a plan : للتعبير عن خطة
She is to be received at the airport .

4- Be as an ordinary (main) verb to express : فعل رئيسي

a- physical or mental state للتعبير عن حالة جسدية أو ذهنية
I am hot , worried , ill .

b- age للتعبير عن العمر
he is twenty .

c- size and weight . للتعبير عن الحجم والوزن
How tall are you ?
I am 178 cm .

d- distance . ( It is usually the subject ) Itللتعبير عن المسافة والفاعل عادة هو
How far is it from Iraq to Morocco?
It is about 4000 miles.

e- weather.( It is usually the subject ).
It is cold and windy .

f- time and date : للتعبير عن الوقت والتاريخ
What time is it ?
It is nine o'clock.
.


g- Price للتعبير عن السعر
How much is it ?
It is two dinars .


5-There is / There are= يوجد
There is a book on the table.
There are books on the table.

6- It is انه او حان / There is

It was very wet yesterday . كان
It is time leave إنه او حان

There is time for you to do your duty . يوجد
To be continued next time

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